Microelectronic Pill Essay

1. ABSTRACTA microelectronic oral contraceptive is a basic each(prenominal)y a multichannel sensor use for unconnected biomedical measurements using small technology. This has been genuine for the internal study and suggest detection of diseases and abnormalities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where restricted rag prevents the use of traditional endoscope. The measurement parameters for detection include authoritative time remote recording of temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved group O in the GI tract. This paper deals with the bod of the Microelectronic pill which mainly consists of an outer(prenominal) biocompatible condensation encasing 4channel micro sensors, a control chip, a distinct component radio transmitter and 2 silver oxide cells. Our Body is a tippy system.Many times even doctors bent able to interpret the disease. Thus it establish too late to cure it. To demand this problem scientists discovered electronic capsule in 1972. Use of discrete & relatively large components, poor reliability, hornswoggle lifetimes & low sensitivity makes it outdated. To overcome all these problems Professor Jon Cooper and Dr Erik Johanessen from Glasgow University , U.K has led to the knowledge of a modern microelectronic pill. When Microelectronic pill is swallowed, then it allow for run low through the Gastro Intestinal Tract & con catamenialy perform multiparameter in situ physiological abstract After completing its mission it will come out of the body by normal catgut movement The pill is 16mm in diameter & 55mm long calculation around 5 gram It records parameters deal temperature, pH, Conductivity, & Dissolved Oxygen in real time. PARTS CONTROL fight receiving set TRANSMITTER 2 SILVER OXIDE CELLS BIOCOMPATIBLE compression ENCASING MICROSENSOR silicon DIODE 3 ELECTRODE electrochemical CELL need CONTACT sumptuous ELECTRODE ION-SELECTIVE FIELD military force TRANSISTOR (ISFET) formal DIAGRAM OF MICRO electronic condensi ngIt measures the body core temperature.Also compensates with the temperature generate signal changes in other sensors. It in addition identifies local changes associated with TISSUE INFLAMMATION & ULCERS. SILICON DIODEThe ISFET measures pH.It can reveal pathologic conditions associated with abnormal pH levels These abnormalities include pancreatic diseaseHypertensionInflammatory bowel diseaseThe activity of fermenting bacteriumThe level of acid excretion reflux of oesophagusEffect of GI special drugs on targetorgans.ION-SELECTIVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR (ISFET)The pair of direct jot Gold electrodes measures conductivity, by measuring the content of water & salt absorption, bile secretion & the breakdown of organic components into charged colloids etcetera in the GI tract. Since the gold has beat out conductivity among all the elements, Therefore it gives true value of conductivity as measured. DIRECT CONTACT GOLD ELECTRODEThe three electrode electrochemical cell detects t he level of dissolved atomic number 8 in solution. It measures the oxygen gradient from the proximal to the distal GI Tract It investigates emersion of aerobic or bacterial infectionFormation of radicals causing cellular damage & pathophysiological conditions like inflammation & Gastric ulceration. It develops 1 st generation enzymes linked with amperometric biosensors. 3 ELECTRODE electrochemical CELLAR creaseMENT MICRO ELECTRONIC PILL CHIP 1 CHIP 2 CONTROL CHIPThe ASIC (Application ad hoc Integrated Circuit) is the control unit that connects together other components of the micro system. It contains an analogue signal conditioning module operating the sensors, 10-bit analogue to digital (ADC) & digital to analogue (DAC) converters, & digital data butt oning module The temperature ropery parti pris the diode at constant current so that change in temperature reflects a alike(p)change in in diode potency. The pH ISFET sensor is prepossess as a simple man-made lake at c onstant current with the radical voltage changing with threshold voltage & pH. The conductivity circuit operates at D.C. It measures the electrical resistance across the electrode pair as an rearward function of solution conductivity. An incorporated potentiostat circuit operates the O 2 sensor with a 10 bit DAC controlling the works electrode potential w.r.t the reference Analogue signals ar sequenced through a multiplexer before beingness digitized by ADC. ASIC & sensors consume 5.3 mW power corresponding to 1.7 mA of current. CONTROL CHIP surface of transmitter = 8 5 3 mmModulation Scheme = frequency Shift Keying (FSK)Data Transfer identify = 1 kbpsFrequency = 40.01 MHz at 20 CBandwidth of the signal generated 10 KHzIt consumes 6.8 mW power at 2.2 mA of current.RADIO TRANSMITTOROBSERVATIONS ON RECIEVER COMPUTER2 SR44 Ag 2 O batteries are used.Operating Time 40 hours. provide Consumption = 12.1 mWCorresponding current white plague = 3.9mASupply Voltage = 3.1 V2 SILVER OX IDE BATTERIESRANGE Temperature from 0 to 70 CpH from 1 to 13Dissolved Oxygen up to 8.2 mg per literConductivity higher up 0.05 mScm -1 in full scale dynamic Range analogue signal = 2.8 VACCURACY pH channel is around 0.2 unit above the real valueOxygen sensing element is 0.4 mgL.Temperature & Conductivity is within 1%.RANGE & ACCURACYIt is being beneficially used for disease detection & abnormalities in humankind body. There fore it is also called as MAGIC PILL FOR HEALTH solicitude Adaptable for use in acerbic & quiescent environment It can be used in industries in military rating of water quality, Pollution Detection, fermentation process control & inspection of pipelines. Micro electronic Pill utilizes a PROGRAMMABLE STANDBY way of life , So Power consumption is real less. It has rattling small size, hence it is very easy for practical usage tall sensitivity, Good reliability & Life times. very(prenominal) long life of the cells(40 hours), Less Power, ongoing & Voltage requirement (12.1 mW, 3.9 mA, 3.1 V) Less contagion length & hence has zero reverberate interference. ADVANTAGESread thisuse this link to transfer presentation * RE MICROELECTRONIC PILLS